Spine Surgery

Back and neck pain is common, and most episodes improve with rest, medicines and physiotherapy. Spine surgery is considered when a structural problem, such as a slipped (herniated) disc or narrowing of the spinal canal (spinal stenosis), presses on the nerves and causes persistent pain, numbness or weakness.

Depending on the problem, surgery may remove the part of the disc or bone pressing on the nerve (discectomy, decompression) or stabilise the spine with screws and rods (fusion). The surgeon will explain the most suitable option after examining you and reviewing your MRI.

• Leg or arm pain from a pinched nerve (sciatica) that does not improve with treatment
• Numbness, tingling or weakness in the legs or arms
• Difficulty walking for long because of spinal stenosis
• Spinal fractures or instability after an injury
• Urgent: loss of bladder or bowel control, which needs immediate medical attention

• Relief of nerve pain in most suitable patients
• Prevents further loss of nerve function
• Improves walking distance and daily activity
• Stabilises the spine after injury

Before the procedure

An MRI and sometimes X-rays or a CT scan are done. Most patients try medicines and physiotherapy first unless there is serious nerve damage.

During the procedure

Surgery is done under general anaesthesia. The surgeon relieves pressure on the nerves and, if needed, stabilises the spine with implants.

After the procedure

Most patients are helped to walk within a day or two. A physiotherapist teaches you safe ways to move, sit and lift.

Recovery depends on the operation. Many people return to light work within a few weeks; recovery after fusion surgery takes longer.

• Avoid bending, twisting and heavy lifting until your surgeon advises
• Walk a little more each day
• Use a spine belt only if advised
• Continue core-strengthening exercises to protect your back in the long term